山岡洋一

 『ミル自伝』第1章第3段落
 �@ In this period of my father's life there are two things which it is impossible not to be struck with: ／one of them unfortunately a very common circumstance, the other a most uncommon one. ／ �A The first is, that in his position, with no resource but the precarious one of writing in periodicals, he married and had a large family; conduct than which nothing could be more opposed, both as a matter of good sense and of duty, to the opinions which, at least at a later period of life, he strenuously upheld. ／ �B The other circumstance is the extraordinary energy which was required to lead the life he led, with the disadvantages under which he laboured from the first, and with those which he brought upon himself by his marriage.／ �C It would have been no small thing, had he done no more than to support himself and his family during so many years by writing, without ever being in debt, or in any pecuniary difficulty; ／holding, as he did, opinions, both in politics and in religion, which were more odious to all persons of influence, and to the common run of prosperous Englishmen in that generation than either before or since; ／and being not only a man whom nothing would have induced to write against his convictions, but one who invariably threw into everything he wrote, as much of his convictions as he thought the circumstances would in any way permit: ／being, it must also be said, one who never did anything negligently; ／never undertook any task, literary or other, on which he did not conscientiously bestow all the labour necessary for performing it adequately. ／ �D But he, with these burthens on him, planned, commenced, and completed, the History of India; ／and this in the course of about ten years, a shorter time than has been occupied (even by writers who had no other employment) in the production of almost any other historical work of equal bulk, and of anything approaching to the same amount of reading and research. ／ �E And to this is to be added, that during the whole period, a considerable part of almost every day was employed in the instruction of his children: ／in the case of one of whom, myself, he exerted an amount of labour, care, and perseverance rarely, if ever, employed for a similar purpose, in endeavouring to give, according to his own conception, the highest order of intellectual education.／

(1) 西本正美訳『ミル自伝』岩波文庫、1928年
(2) 朱牟田夏雄訳『ミル自伝』岩波文庫、1960年
(3) 山下重一郎訳註『評註ミル自伝』御茶の水書房、2003年

……第二の点というのは、父がこの仕事をはじめた最初からおかれていた不利な立場、さ らに結婚のためにみずから招いた不利な事情のもとにあって、ああいう生活を営むためには、異常な精力が必要とされたという一事である。……（13ページ）

The other circumstance is the extraordinary energy

... he laboured under the disadvantages from the first, ...

……何しろ父のいだいていた見解は、政治についても宗教についても、当時勢力を持って いたすべての人にとって、また、羽ぶりのよい生活をしている普通の英国人にとって、あとにもさきにも類例がないくらい嫌悪すべき見解だったのである。……

... which were more odious to all persons of influence, and to the common run of prosperous Englishmen, in that generation than either before or since; ...

... which were more odious to sb in that generation than either before or since; ...

sb in that generation

�@　この時期の父には特筆すべき点が2つある。
�A　第1は、不安定な原稿料収入しかないのに、結婚し、たくさんの子供をもったことだ。
�B　第2は、この不利な条件のもとで生活を維持するために、人並みはずれた気力を発揮したことだ。
�C（主文) 借金もせずに一家の生活を維持できただけでも大変なことだっただろう。

（理由1）父の過激な思想は当時、とくに嫌われていた。
（理由2）信念に反することは書かないし、書くものには信念を盛り込もうとした。
（追加理由）何ごとにも力を抜かなかった。
（追加理由の説明）引き受けた仕事を適切に遂行するために労を惜しまなかった。

�B　It would have been no small thing, had he done no more than to support himself and his family during so many years by writing, without ever being in debt, or in any pecuniary difficulty.
�C　But he, with these burthens on him, planned, commenced, and completed, the History of India.
�D　And to this is to be added, that during the whole period, a considerable part of almost every day was employed in the instruction of his children.

　歴史を書いていくというのはわたしが自発的におこなっていたことだが、それとは別に 父に命じられていた課題もあった。それは詩を書くことだったが、わたしにとってとくに嫌な課題のひとつであった。ギリシャ語やラテン語では詩を書かなかっ たし、作詩法も教わらなかった。……

……わたしは父に英語の詩を書くように求められた。……

……私の書かされたのは希臘語や羅典語の韻文ではなかった。……それで私の書かされた 韻文は英語のであった。（33ページ）

……父は今世紀の詩にはほとんど価値を見いださず、わたしはウォルター・スコットの物 語詩以外、それらにほとんど触れることはなかった。父にスコットの物語詩を勧められて読み、わくわくするような物語が大好きだったので、それだけは強烈に 好きになった。……

……父は今世紀の詩にはほとんど価値を見いださず、わたしはそれらにほとんど触れるこ とはなかった。例外はウォルター・スコットの物語詩で、父に勧められて読み、わくわくするような物語が大好きだったので、強烈に好きになった。……

……私の詩的野心への自発的刺激は普通なら恐らくその辺で終わるところだったのだ が、……

　英文和訳は読んで訳す。
　翻訳は原文を読み、理解して解釈し書く。

『ミル自伝』第1章第10段落
 �@ But though these exercises in history were never a compulsory lesson, there was another kind of composition which was so, namely, writing verses, and it was one of the most disagreeable of my tasks. �A Greek and Latin verses I did not write, nor learnt the prosody of those languages. �BMy father, thinking this not worth the time it required, contented himself with making me read aloud to him, and correcting false quantities. �C I never composed at all in Greek, even in prose, and but little in Latin. �D Not that my father could be indifferent to the value of this practice, in giving a thorough knowledge of those languages, but because there really was not time for it. �E The verses I was required to write were English. �F When I first read Pope's Homer, I ambitiously attempted to compose something of the same kind, and achieved as much as one book of a continuation of the Iliad. �G There, probably, the spontaneous promptings of my poetical ambition would have stopped; but the exercise, begun from choice, was continued by command. �H Conformably to my father's usual practice of explaining to me, as far as possible, the reasons for what he required me to do, he gave me, for this, as I well remember, two reasons highly characteristic of him: one was, that some things could be expressed better and more forcibly in verse than in prose: this, he said, was a real advantage. �I The other was, that people in general attached more value to verse than it deserved, and the power of writing it, was, on this account, worth acquiring. �J He generally left me to choose my own subject, which, as far as I remember, were mostly addresses to some mythological personage or allegorical abstractions; but he made me translate into English verse many of Horace's shorter poems: I also remember his giving me Thomson's "Winter" to read, and afterwards making me attempt (without book) to write something myself on the same subject. �K The verses I wrote were, of course, the merest rubbish, nor did I ever attain any facility of versification, but the practice may have been useful in making it easier for me, at a later period, to acquire readiness of expression. �L I had read, up to this time, very little English poetry, Shakespeare my father had put into my hands, chiefly for the sake of the historical plays, from which, however, I went on to the others. �M My father never was a great admirer of Shakespeare, the English idolatry of whom he used to attack with some severity. �N He cared little for any English poetry except Milton (for whom he had the highest admiration), Goldsmith, Burns, and Gray's Bard, which he preferred to his Elegy: perhaps I may add Cowper and Beattie. �O He had some value for Spenser, and I remember his reading to me (unlike his usual practice of making me read to him), the first book of the Fairie Queene; but I took little pleasure in it. �P The poetry of the present century he saw scarcely any merit in, and I hardly became acquainted with any of it till I was grown up to manhood, except the metrical romances of Walter Scott, which I read at his recommendation and was intensely delighted with; as I always was with animated narrative. �Q Dryden's Poems were among my father's books, and many of these he made me read, but I never cared for any of them except Alexander's Feast, which, as well as many of the songs in Walter Scott, I used to sing internally, to a music of my own: to some of the latter, indeed, I went so far as to compose airs, which I still remember. �R Cowper's short poems I read with some pleasure, but never got far into the longer ones; and nothing in the two volumes interested me like the prose account of his three hares. �S In my thirteenth year I met with Campbell's Poems, among which Lochiel, Hohenlinden, the Exile of Erin, and some others, gave me sensations I had never before experienced from poetry. (21) Here, too, I made nothing of the longer poems, except the striking opening of Gertrude of Wyoming, which long kept it place in my feelings as the perfection of pathos.